Aims: Cancer care pathways define best-practice care with a strong emphasis on equity, and adherence to these pathways is associated with improved patient outcomes. We present an overview of how the recommended Optimal Care Pathway (OCP) development steps were operationalised and, informed by our experience in developing the Rural and Remote OCP, provide recommendations for cancer pathway development.
Methods: This project was conducted as part of the Equitable Cancer Outcomes across Rural and Remote Australia (ECORRA) program, a transdisciplinary research program dedicated to understanding and reducing rural cancer inequities. A national OCP working group was appointed, chaired by a Medical Oncologist and Nurse Practitioner practicing in rural Australia. Development of the Rural and Remote OCP was guided by applying and operationalising the methodology outlined in the National Optimal Care Pathways Framework and the Optimal Care Pathways toolkit.
Results: Three OCP documents were developed in 2025, nationally endorsed, and launched in 2026: the Optimal Care Pathway, Quick Reference Guide, and Guide to Best Cancer Care. Recommendations to strengthen future cancer framework development in Australia and internationally included: Early consultation across the sector; National representation on a diverse working group; Embedded consumer engagement; Recognition of the diversity of rural and remote settings; and Development of appropriate and accessible documents.
Conclusions: As cancer plans prioritise equitable outcomes for all people affected by cancer, attention must be paid to how cancer care pathways are produced, resourced, and implemented to support these equity goals. The recommendations arising from the development of the Rural and Remote OCP are relevant to care pathways and policy beyond oncology and across international settings, highlighting key considerations in the development of evidence-based standards to drive improved and equitable care delivery.