Aim: To undertake an economic evaluation on the routine use of electronic patient‑reported outcome measures (ePROMs) using data from a pragmatic, multi-site, hybrid effectiveness and implementation trial (PROMISE). We tested if health system costs, in relation to quality of life, were improved for patients and whether unplanned hospitalisations were avoided through ePROMs.
Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken using data from PROMISE (n=538), a trial comparing ePROM use during cancer treatment versus usual care. Health system costs and outcomes were quantified and compared across the two options over six months. Data were collected on participant surveys, hospital medical records and via administrative healthcare claims. The primary outcome was net monetary benefits (NMBs) using a willingness-to-pay threshold of AU$50,000 and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Positive NMBs are interpreted as the ePROMs having favourable cost-effectiveness. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around NMBs were generated through the bootstrap percentile method using 1,000 bootstrap replications. Sensitivity analyses using a per-protocol approach and threshold analyses were completed.
Results: Over 6 months, similar healthcare costs were seen for the intervention group (~$54,000) and usual care (~$52,000). There were no significant differences in mean QALYs for the intervention and usual care groups. Mean NMBs were small but positive from the health system (~$2,500), state government and individual cost perspectives however 95% CIs spanned zero, indicating no clear economic benefit. The likelihood that ePROMs was cost-effective as implemented here was approximately 45%. Unplanned hospitalisations were also similar across the two groups.
Conclusions: These preliminary finding indicate that as incremental differences in costs and QALYs were negligible, using ePROMs or not resulted in comparable costs and health outcomes. Nevertheless, the ePROMs intervention demonstrated benefits on other health outcomes, which should be considered when determining overall value and potential contribution to patient care.