Objective: This scoping review aims to map the evidence on prognostic factors reported in the literature that are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression among men managed with active surveillance.
Introduction: Active surveillance is a recommended for men with low-risk PCa and increasingly used in selected intermediate-risk disease. However, there is no consensus on which prognostic factors most reliably predict disease progression during surveillance. Mapping the range of reported factors is needed to guide the development and refinement of risk-prediction models.
Inclusion criteria: This review will consider published studies of patients diagnosed with PCa and managed by active surveillance that report one or more prognostic factors (patient, behavioural, prostate specific antigen (PSA)-related, pathological, radiological, or molecular) associated with disease progression, defined by outcomes such as Gleason/ISUP upgrading, upstaging, converting to curative treatment, metastasis or PCa-specific mortality.
Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials databases and the Cochrane databases of systematic reviews will be searched for English-language studies published from January 2010 to July 2026, supplemented by backward citation searching. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be screened independently by two reviewers. Data will be charted in a standardized form and pilot tested prior to data extraction, and results presented narratively with tabular and graphical mapping of prognostic factors.