Aims: Compared with age-matched peers, childhood cancer survivors have poorer diet quality and higher morbidity. Nutrition interventions may therefore play an important role in improving long-term health outcomes. This scoping review of the global literature describes the characteristics of post-treatment nutrition interventions for childhood cancer survivors and describes how these interventions were developed, evaluated, and implemented.
Methods: A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched in January 2026 for records published from 2013 onwards. Eligible sources described interventions targeting nutrition in survivors of childhood-onset cancer (diagnosed <21 years of age) following treatment completion. Interventions could also target informal carers (e.g., parents, siblings), provided they aimed to improve nutrition outcomes, directly or indirectly, among childhood cancer survivors.
Results: Of 8,103 records retrieved, 30 articles (n=24 interventions) met eligibility criteria. Most were conducted in the United States (n=18) and designed for childhood cancer survivors (n=14). Interventions primarily focused on diet-related behaviour change (n=19; e.g., individualised counselling, educational video games, cooking classes) or direct nutrition provision (n=5; e.g., dietary supplements, meal deliveries). Many also incorporated physical activity (n=18) and psychosocial wellbeing (n=9) components. Half reported consumer involvement in intervention development (n=12), primarily through consultation (e.g., needs assessments, feedback), with limited influence on intervention design. Clinicians were less involved (n=9) but typically contributed via collaborative partnerships which afforded them greater influence on intervention design. Interventions were predominantly evaluated for feasibility (n=12, e.g., number of completions) and/or effectiveness (n=15; e.g., change in dietary intake pre- and post-intervention). Only four interventions showed evidence of sustained implementation beyond the research setting.
Conclusions: Nutrition interventions for childhood cancer survivors are diverse in their content and delivery but rarely translated into service delivery. Future interventions should prioritise meaningful consumer co-design and strategies to support sustainability and scalability beyond research settings.